The city layout below will provide you with a 10,000% recruit speed and 775k in storage.
Before building the castle, it's troop capacity is 56,000.
After the castle, the troop capacity is 224,000.
http://www.bit.ly/gSC6RD
Please note the following:
1) This city shows Training Grounds, but it works with any military building except shipyards. DO NOT mix military building types in the same city if you want to maintain the 10,000% recruit speed.
2) 10,000% is the practical limit for recruit speed. Since the game adds about 1 sec to each recruit time in it's calculation, any percentage over 10,000% is only going to shave off fractions of a second for most troop types. Every barracks you remove from a castled city costs you 4,000 in troop capacity, which IMHO is worth more than fractions of a second in recruit speed. The exception to this is the Workshop units, which do benefit from recruit times higher than 10,000%. So, you may wish to not use this design for workshop units. Although, even for workshop units, I believe this layout provides the best balance between speed and troop numbers.
Here are the estimated recruit times, IN SECONDS, at 10,000%:
Rangers: 3, Zerks: 2, Guardians 3
Scouts: 4, Crossbows: 6, Knights: 5
Templars: 4, Paladins: 7, Barons: 600 (10 minutes)
Mages: 7, Warlocks: 15
Rams: 25, Ballistae: 35, Catapults: 40
3) This city is obviously NOT self-sustaining for food. You MUST have a food source, such as a logistics city or food-dedicated city, nearby to maintain your troops. Note that the game lists food consumption per day, but it actually deducts food use by the hour.
Here are the daily and hourly food requirements for this city at maximum troop capactiy:
INFANTRY (224k max):
Rangers, Guardians, or Templars: 672,000 food/day or 28,000 food/hour
Mages: 1.120 million food/day or 46,667 food/hour
Bezerkers: 1.344 million food/day or 56,000 food/hour
CALVARY (112k max -- each unit counts as 2):
Scouts: 560,000 food/day or 23,334 food/hour
Crossbows: 1.120 million food/day or 46,667 food/hour
Paladins: 1.680 million food/day or 70,000 food/hour
Warlocks: 2.240 million food/day or 93,334 food/hour
Knights: 2.800 million food/day or 116,000 food hour
WORKSHOP UNITS (22,400 max -- each unit counts as 10):
Ballista: 560,000 food/day or 23,334 food/hour
Rams or Catapults: 1.120 million food/day or 46,667 food/hour
4) Finally, I suggest building out the city, then recruiting to full capacity before building the castle, so as not to risk losing it.